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About the Brain and Nervous System
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Anatomy of the Brain
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
The brain is an important organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, and every process that regulates your body.
...more
Understanding Skull Base Tumors
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
The skull base offers support from the bottom. Think of it as the floor of the skull, where the brain sits. Tumors can form at the base of the skull.
...more
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
Made up of bundles of nerves, the spinal cord carries signals from your body to your brain, and vice versa.
...more
Neurological Exam
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
A neurological exam may be performed with instruments, such as lights and reflex hammers, and usually does not cause any pain.
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Overview of Nervous System Disorders
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
Disorders of the nervous system include stroke, infections, such as meningitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and functional disorders, such as headache and epilepsy.
...more
Neurology
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
Neurology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Neurosurgery (Neurological Surgery)
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
Neurological surgery is used to treat disorders of the brain, spine, and nerves. The healthcare provider who specializes in neurological surgery is called a neurosurgeon or neurological surgeon.
...more
Endovascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology
in
About the Brain and Nervous System
Endovascular neurosurgery is a subspecialty of neurosurgery. It uses catheters and radiology to diagnose and treat various conditions and diseases of the central nervous system.
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Neurological Tests and Procedures
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Detailed Tests and Procedures
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Diagnostic Tests for Neurological Disorders
in
Neurological Tests and Procedures
Evaluating and diagnosing damage to the nervous system is complicated and complex. Many of the same symptoms occur in different combinations among the different disorders.
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Neurological Conditions and Diseases
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Back and Neck Pain
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Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries
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Brain and Spinal Tumors
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Epilepsy and Seizures
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Neurological Infections
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Neuromuscular Diseases
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Other Neurological Conditions
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Parkinson's and Movement Disorders
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Peripheral Nerve Conditions
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Low Back Pain
in
Back Pain
,
Care of the Back
Everyone has experienced low back pain at one time or another. Most people can recover from low back pain with home treatment, such as changes in activity, weight loss, quitting smoking, and other steps. Sometimes medicine or surgery is needed.
...more
Pinched Nerve
in
Back Pain
Radiculopathy, commonly called pinched nerve, often occurs in the low back.
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Corticosteroid Shots
in
Care of the Back
Corticosteroid injections can treat many skeletal, muscular, and spinal conditions. Some of these injections can be done by your healthcare provider during a routine clinic visit. Others need a referral to a pain specialist.
...more
Neck Pain
in
Neck Pain
Your neck is at risk for injury because of its location and range of motion. Neck pain can be caused by injury, age, or inflammatory disorders.
...more
Cervical Spondylosis
in
Neck Pain
Cervical spondylosis is a type of arthritis that affects your neck. This condition becomes more common with age, and most people who are older than 60 have it.
...more
Head Injury
in
Brain Injuries
A head injury is a broad term that describes many injuries that occur to the scalp, skull, brain, and underlying tissue and blood vessels in the head. Head injuries are also commonly referred to as brain injury, or traumatic brain injury, depending on the extent of the head trauma.
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
in
Brain Injuries
Acquired brain injury hapens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain. It is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults.
...more
Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
in
Spine Injuries
Car accidents, falls, and other injuries are a common cause of acute spinal cord injury.
...more
Spinal Cord Compression
in
Spine Injuries
Spinal cord compression can occur anywhere along your spine. Symptoms include numbness, pain, and weakness.
...more
Anatomy of the Brain
in
About Brain Tumors
The brain is an important organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, and every process that regulates your body.
...more
Brain Tumor: Risk Factors
in
About Brain Tumors
Healthcare providers do not know exactly what causes a brain tumor. But certain factors may raise your risk.
...more
Spinal Cord Tumor Overview
in
About Spinal Tumors
A tumor forms when an abnormal cell grows to form a mass of abnormal cells. Spinal cord tumors are tumors that form on the spinal cord or in the area around it.
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Epilepsy and Seizures
in
Epilepsy and Seizures
Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes a person to have seizures. It's one of the most common disorders of the nervous system.
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Status Epilepticus
in
Epilepsy and Seizures
A seizure that lasts at least 30 minutes is called status epilepticus, or a prolonged seizure. This is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent brain damage or death. Many medical experts become concerned that a seizure is status epilepticus after it lasts 5 to 10 minutes.
...more
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
in
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the fatty tissue that surrounds the nerves is destroyed. When this happens, the nerves are unable to conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain. It causes muscle weakness, impaired coordination, and fatigue.
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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
in
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that interferes with your brain's ability to operate your body.
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Bacterial Meningitis
in
Neurological Infections
Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It causes headache, stiff neck, and high fever.
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Meningitis
in
Neurological Infections
Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain. Meningitis can be caused by either a virus or bacteria. Bacterial meningitis may be life-threatening.
...more
Types of Muscular Dystrophy and Neuromuscular Diseases
in
Neuromuscular Diseases
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, with or without the breakdown of nerve tissue.
...more
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) in Children
in
Neuromuscular Diseases
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited (genetic) disorder of the muscles. It is called a neuromuscular disease. There are several types. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a rare type.
...more
Acoustic Neuroma
in
Other Neurological Conditions
Acoustic neuroma is a rare noncancer tumor. It affects hearing and balance when the tumor presses on the nerves in the inner ear.
...more
Bell Palsy
in
Other Neurological Conditions
Bell's palsy is an unexplained episode of facial muscle weakness or paralysis that begins suddenly and gets worse over 48 hours. It is caused by a damaged facial nerve.
...more
Parkinson Disease
in
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson disease is a motor system disorder that causes trembling, stiffness, and trouble moving.
...more
Parkinson Disease and Dementia
in
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson disease is a movement disorder that can cause muscles to tighten and become rigid. It can make it hard to walk and engage in daily activities.
...more
Ataxia
in
Other Movement Disorders
Ataxia means without coordination. People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs, which may lead to a lack of balance, coordination, and trouble walking. Ataxia may affect the fingers, hands, arms, legs, body, speech, and even eye movements.
...more
Dystonia
in
Other Movement Disorders
Dystonia is a body movement disorder. It causes your muscles to contract, move involuntarily, or get stuck in an abnormal position.
...more
Brachial Neuritis
in
Peripheral Nerve Conditions
Brachial neuritis is nerve damage that affects the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand. It causes pain, weakness and lack of muscle control and lack of feeling in the shoulder or arm.
...more
Brachial Plexus Injuries
in
Peripheral Nerve Conditions
The brachial plexus can be injured in many different ways--from pressure, stress, or being stretched too far. The nerves may also be damaged by cancer or radiation treatment. Sometimes, brachial plexus injuries happen to babies during childbirth.
...more
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
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Other Dementias
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Alzheimer Disease
in
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
Alzheimer disease is a disease that affects the brain and nervous system. It is a type of dementia that happens when nerve cells in the brain die.
...more
Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease
in
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
Alzheimer disease most commonly affects older adults. But it can also affect people in their 30s or 40s. When Alzheimer disease occurs in someone younger than age 65, it is known as early-onset (or younger-onset) Alzheimer disease.
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Stages of Alzheimer Disease
in
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
Alzheimer disease is a type of brain disorder. It causes memory loss, confusion, and changes in personality. It is a type of dementia.
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Caring for Someone with Alzheimer Disease
in
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
Alzheimer disease is a progressive condition, which means that it keeps getting worse. Eventually, people with Alzheimer disease need help with daily activities because they lose the ability to dress, bathe, and feed themselves.
...more
Helping Someone with Memory Loss
in
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
In older people, it's easy to mistake memory problems for the everyday forgetfulness that some people have as they grow older.
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Headaches
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About Headaches
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Cluster and Tension Headaches
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Migraines
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Headache
in
About Headaches
Nearly everyone has suffered from a headache. This article discusses several types of headache, how they are diagnosed and treated.
...more
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
in
About Headaches
A brain injury or some other health problem can cause growing pressure inside your skull. This dangerous condition is called increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It can lead to a headache. It can also further injure your brain or spinal cord.
...more
Cluster Headaches
in
Cluster and Tension Headaches
Cluster headaches are rare and cause severe pain that tends to recur in the same way each time. Cluster headaches occur in groups, or clusters, and each attack lasts about 1 to 3 hours on average.
...more
The Cluster Headache: Just Like Clockwork
in
Cluster and Tension Headaches
Cluster headaches -- called cluster because of their pattern of striking in groups or clusters -- hit at the same time of day for a period of weeks or months, then vanish as suddenly and as mysteriously as they appeared.
...more
Migraine Headaches
in
Migraines
This often severe, throbbing type of headache is different from other types of headaches in that symptoms other than pain occur with the headache. Nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and other visual disturbances are common migraine symptoms.
...more
How a Migraine Happens
in
Migraines
A look at what we know about how migraine pain starts.
...more
Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
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Stroke Overview
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Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
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Stroke Treatment and Recovery
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Stroke Prevention
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Other Cerebrovascular Diseases
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Types of Stroke
in
Stroke Overview
Strokes are classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are caused by the blockage of an artery. Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain.
...more
Stroke
in
Stroke Overview
,
Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
,
Stroke Treatment and Recovery
A stroke, or brain attack, happens when blood flow to your brain is stopped. It is an emergency situation.
...more
Effects of Stroke
in
Stroke Treatment and Recovery
When an area of the brain is damaged, which typically occurs with a stroke, an impairment may result. An impairment is the loss of normal function of part of the body. Sometimes, an impairment may result in a disability, or inability to perform an activity in a normal way.
...more
Tests to Diagnose a Stroke
in
Stroke Treatment and Recovery
Tests that may be used to help diagnose a stroke include a CT scan or MRI, and an electroencephalogram.
...more
Arteriovenous Malformations
in
Other Cerebrovascular Diseases
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) happen when a group of blood vessels in your body forms incorrectly. Here's what you need to know.
...more
Carotid Artery Disease
in
Other Cerebrovascular Diseases
Carotid artery disease causes a narrowing of the major blood vessels that supply the brain. It is caused by atherosclerosis and can lead to a stroke.
...more
Understanding Rehabilitation
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Rehabilitation Team
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Family and Community
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Neurological Rehabilitation
in
Understanding Rehabilitation
Neurological rehabilitation (rehab) helps people with diseases, injury, or disorders of the nervous system. It can often increase function, ease symptoms, and improve a person's well-being.
...more
Overview of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMandR)
in
Understanding Rehabilitation
PMandR is a medical specialty that works to restore function for a person who has been disabled due to a disease, disorder, or injury.
...more
Children & Neurological Conditions
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Brain and Nervous System Overview
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Brain Tumors
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Congenital and Hereditary Conditions
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Other Neurological Conditions
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Anatomy of a Child's Brain
in
Brain and Nervous System Overview
The brain can be divided into 3 main parts: the cerebrum, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.
...more
Neurological Exam for Children
in
Brain and Nervous System Overview
Is it time for your baby to have a full physical exam? Your pediatrician might want to conduct a neurological exam. Don't worry, this series of tests designed to evaluate your child's nervous system is painless. Here's what it entails.
...more
Brain Tumors in Children
in
Brain Tumors
A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain. The brain is part of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS also includes the spinal cord.
...more
Anencephaly in Children
in
Congenital and Hereditary Conditions
Anencephaly is a birth defect that affects the brain and skull bones. With this condition, the brain isn't fully formed. It often lacks part or all of the cerebrum.
...more
Cephalic Disorders
in
Congenital and Hereditary Conditions
Cephalic disorders affect the central nervous system as it develops. They may also affect the brain and the growth of the skull.
...more
Kids' Headaches: The Diagnosis Is Difficult
in
Headaches
Most headaches in kids are caused by tension, not disease. Your pediatrician can determine what kind of headache your child has.
...more
Headaches in Children
in
Headaches
A headache is pain or discomfort in one or more areas of the head or face. Headaches can happen once in a while. Or they may happen often.
...more
Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in Children
in
Injuries
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or other situation. An SCI may be a bruise (contusion), a partial tear, or a complete tear (transection) in the spinal cord.
...more
Head Injury in Children
in
Injuries
A head injury can be as mild as a bump, bruise (contusion), or cut on the head. Or it can be a concussion, a deep cut or open wound, broken skull bones, internal bleeding, or damage to the brain. Head injuries are one of the most common causes of disability and death in children.
...more
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) in Children
in
Neuromuscular Diseases
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited (genetic) disorder of the muscles. It is called a neuromuscular disease. There are several types. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a rare type.
...more
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Children
in
Neuromuscular Diseases
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic condition that weakens your child's muscles. It appears in young boys, usually between ages 2 and 5.
...more
Absence Seizures
in
Other Neurological Conditions
Absence seizures are a type of epilepsy that most often occur in children. Read on for details about this condition.
...more
Brain Abscess in Children
in
Other Neurological Conditions
An abscess is a pocket of infection. In the brain, an abscess may be in one or more areas. This condition may cause problems with how the brain and spinal cord function. It is a serious and life-threatening condition that needs to be treated right away.
...more
Interactive Tools
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Alzheimer Disease Quiz
Find out more about this degenerative disease of the brain by taking this quiz.
...more
Back Care Quiz
Back pain is a common complaint, but how serious is it? Take this quiz and see how much you know about back care.
...more
Multimedia
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the ligaments and joints of the spine, especially the lower back. As the disease progresses, it can lead to a stooped posture. In this video, you'll find out how this condition develops and the treatments available.
...more
Exercises for a Healthy Back
Most people will have back pain at some time in their lives. But you don’t always need the help of a doctor to fix it. Sometimes exercise is all that you need to relieve the pain. Watch and learn exercises to keep your back feeling good.
...more
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